ConsciousTooth

Mittelfranken

2005-11-17T14:45:00.000-08:00

English Middle Franconia Regierungsbezirk (administrative district), west-central Bavaria Land (state), southern Germany. Mittelfranken is bordered by Baden-Württemberg Land to the west and the Regierungsbezirke of Unterfranken (Lower Franconia) and Oberfranken (Upper Franconia) to the north, Oberpfalz (Upper Palatinate) to the east, and Oberbayern (Upper Bavaria) and Schwaben (Swabia) to

Uaxactún

2005-10-15T10:35:00.000-07:00

Ruined ancient Mayan city of the southern lowlands, located in what is now north-central Guatemala, about 12 miles (20 km) north of the ancient Mayan city of Tikal. Uaxactún was a ceremonial centre of only modest size, compared with Tikal, but it has been important in Mayan archaeology because intensive excavations made there by archaeologists of the Carnegie Institution

Torgau

2005-07-28T08:25:00.000-07:00

Private, coeducational institution of higher education in Los Angeles, Calif., U.S. It comprises the College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, the Graduate School, and 18 professional schools. The university offers undergraduate degrees in about 80 fields and graduate and professional degrees in about 125 disciplines. It is especially well known for its degree programs in film,

Lord Chief Justice

2005-07-26T14:00:00.000-07:00

In England and Wales, the head of the Queen's (or King's) Bench Division of the High Court of Justice and next in rank to the lord chancellor. Appointed by the crown on the nomination of the prime minister, he usually presides over the Court of Criminal Appeal and is an ex officio member of the Court of Appeal. He is invariably raised to the peerage on appointment and so is able

Mars

2005-07-24T02:50:00.000-07:00

Blood-red in colour and sometimes called the Red Planet, Mars has long been associated with warfare and slaughter. It is named for the Roman god of war. As

Cable

2005-07-07T04:20:00.000-07:00

In electrical and electronic systems, a conductor or group of conductors for transmitting electric power or telecommunication signals from one place to another. Electric communication cables transmit voice messages, computer data, and visual images via electrical signals to telephones, wired radios, computers, teleprinters, facsimile machines, and televisions.

Literature, Canada

2005-07-01T06:55:00.000-07:00

The past—personal, historical, and imaginary—was the chosen ground for many Canadian novels in 2001, ranging from Nega Mezlekia's exploration of precolonial Africa from a postcolonial perspective in The God Who Begat a Jackal to Robert Hough's 20th-century circus saga about a tiger-taming woman, The Final Confession

Europa

2005-06-21T18:20:00.000-07:00

Also called Jupiter II, fourth largest satellite of the planet Jupiter. One of the four Galilean satellites, it was discovered by the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei in 1610 and was named by the German astronomer Simon Marius after a figure in Greek mythology. Europa has a diameter of 3,138 km (1,946 miles), and it orbits Jupiter at a distance of approximately 670,900 km (416,900 miles). The satellite has a density of 3.03 grams

Madison, James

2005-06-13T16:45:00.000-07:00

During eight years as Jefferson's secretary of state (1801–09), Madison used the words “The President has decided” so regularly that his own role can be discovered only in foreign archives. British diplomats dealing with Madison encountered “asperity of temper and fluency of expression.” Senators John Adair and Nicholas Gilman agreed in 1806 that he “governed the President,” an opinion held also by French minister Louis-Marie Turreau.

Lancet, The

2005-06-02T11:50:00.000-07:00

British medical journal established in 1823. The journal's founder and first editor was Thomas Wakley, considered at the time to be a radical reformer. Wakley stated the intent of the new journal was to report on the metropolitan hospital lectures and to describe the important cases of the day. The Lancet has since played an important role in medical and hospital reform

France, History Of, The hegemony of Neustria

2005-05-18T16:50:00.000-07:00

The territorial struggles began anew after 639. In Neustria, Austrasia, and Burgundy, power was in the hands of aristocratic leaders, called the mayors of the palace. Ebroïn, mayor of the palace in Neustria, attempted to unify the kingdom under his leadership but met with violent opposition. Resistance in Burgundy was led by Bishop Leodegar, who was assassinated in about

Japan

2005-05-16T21:50:00.000-07:00

Japanese Nihon or Nippon country lying off the east coast of Asia. It consists of a great string of islands in a northeast-southwest arc that stretches for approximately 1,500 miles (2,400 km) through the western Pacific Ocean. Japan has a total land area of 145,903 square miles (377,887 square km). Nearly this entire area is taken up by the country's four main islands; from north to south these are Hokkaido (Hokkaido), Honshu

Lusitani

2005-05-14T19:30:00.000-07:00

War broke

San Carlo Alle Quattro Fontane

2005-03-15T06:31:00.000-08:00

Also called �San Carlino, � influential Baroque church in Rome that was designed by Francesco Borromini. It was commissioned in 1634 and was built during 1638 - 41, except for the tall facade, which was added in about 1667. Built to fit in a cramped and difficult site, the church has an unusual and somewhat irregular floor plan in the shape of a Greek cross defined by convex curves. The facade is similarly undulating

Tivoli

2005-03-11T16:26:00.000-08:00

The park was opened in 1843 by the writer-architect

Gir Forest National Park

2005-03-07T01:00:00.000-08:00

The Gir Forests Reserve, created in 1913 to protect the largest

Benue-congo Languages

2005-03-06T09:54:00.000-08:00

The 60 Cross River languages are situated around the Cross River in southeastern Nigeria and westward toward the Niger Delta. The largest of these languages is Ibibio, which together with its written cousin, Efik, has some 3,500,000 speakers. Other languages with more than 100,000 speakers are Anang, Khana, Ogbia, Loko, Mbembe, Obolo, and Gokana.

Vanderbilt, William Henry

2005-03-05T16:56:00.000-08:00

A frail and seemingly unambitious youth, William was dismissed by his strong and dynamic father as incompetent to run the family business. The two split on

Indus River

2005-03-04T17:52:00.000-08:00

Great trans-Himalayan river of South Asia and one of the longest rivers in the world, having a length of 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometres). It has a total drainage area of about 450,000 square miles (1,165,500 square kilometres), of which 175,000 square miles lie in the Himalayan mountains and foothills and the rest in the semiarid plains of Pakistan. The river's annual flow is about 272 billion cubic yards (207 billion

Jacksonville

2005-03-03T16:14:00.000-08:00

City, Jackson county, southwestern Oregon, U.S. It lies along Jackson Creek, just west of Medford, in the foothills of the Siskiyou Mountains. It began in 1851 - 52 as a mining camp with placer gold discoveries along the creek (named for a prospector). By the 1920s mining activities had declined together with the population, and, bypassed by the railroad, in 1927 the city lost to Medford its status

Ring

2005-03-02T10:31:00.000-08:00

In mathematics, a set having an addition that must be commutative (a b = b a for any a, b) and associative [a (b c) = (a b) c for any a, b, c], and a multiplication that must be associative [a(bc) = (ab)c for any a, b, c]. There must also be a zero, an identity element, negatives of all elements, and a distributive law relating addition and multiplication [a(b c) = ab ac and (a b)c = ac bc for any a, b, c]. A commutative ring

Scabious

2005-03-01T23:04:00.000-08:00

Also called �Scabiosa � (genus Scabiosa), any of about 100 species of annual and perennial herbs of the teasel family, Dipsacaceae, order Dipsacales. They are native to temperate Eurasia, the Mediterranean region, and the mountains of eastern Africa. Some are important garden plants. All species have basal leaf rosettes and leafy stems. The flower heads have many crowded, small,

Athamas

2005-02-28T07:20:00.000-08:00

In Greek mythology, king of the prehistoric Minyans in the ancient Boeotian city of Orchomenus. His first wife was Nephele, a cloud goddess. But later Athamas became enamoured of Ino, the daughter of Cadmus, and neglected Nephele, who disappeared in anger. Athamas and Ino incurred the wrath of the goddess Hera because Ino had nursed the god Dionysus (q.v.). Athamas went mad

Jabalpur

2005-02-27T05:02:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Jubbulpore� city, central Madhya Pradesh state, central India. Jabalpur lies just north of the Narmada River in a rocky basin surrounded by low hills that are dotted with lakes and temples. On one of the hills stands the Madan Mahal, an old Gond castle. Garha, just west, was the chief city of the four independent Gond kingdoms that arose in the 14th century. Jabalpur was selected as Maratha headquarters

Cost Of Living

2005-02-26T03:00:00.000-08:00

Monetary cost of maintaining a particular standard of living, usually measured by calculating the average cost of a number of specific goods and services required by a particular group. The goods and services used as indexes may be the minimum necessary to preserve health or may be what is considered average for a given income group, depending on the purposes of

Bradley, Tom

2005-02-25T23:14:00.000-08:00

The son of sharecroppers and the grandson of slaves, Bradley grew up in poverty. When he was seven years old, his parents moved to Los Angeles. Excelling at track

Adamkus, Valdas V.

2005-02-24T03:41:00.000-08:00

In 1997 Valdas Adamkus retired from his post at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) after nearly 30 years--the longest tenure of any senior executive at the agency--with the expressed intention of working on his golf game. Soon afterward, however, it seemed that golf would have to wait, because in February 1998 the unassuming 71-year-old career bureaucrat, a citizen of the United

Religion

2005-02-23T01:40:00.000-08:00

Ecumenical and interfaith relations suffered some serious blows during 1997, although the year was also marked by a historic agreement between four Protestant denominations. Some churches dealt with dissidents in their ranks through excommunication. Church-state

World War Ii, The Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the North Sea, 1942 - 45

2005-02-22T01:16:00.000-08:00

The year 1942 was, on the whole, a favourable one for the German U-boats. First, the U.S. entry into the war entitled them to infest the U.S. coast of the North Atlantic; and it was not until the middle of the year that the Allies' introduction of the convoy system from the Caribbean northward constrained the raiders to go so far afield as the waters between Brazil and West Africa. Second,

Lancaster

2005-02-21T18:26:00.000-08:00

City, seat of Lancaster county, northern South Carolina, U.S., near the Catawba River. It was founded in the 1750s by settlers from Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The architect Robert Mills designed the jail (1823) and the courthouse (1828). In the early 19th century the community was identified with the Waxhaw Revival, part of the Great Revival (a nationwide movement of religious vagaries), and

Allen, Sir James

2005-02-20T00:35:00.000-08:00

Allen was elected to the New Zealand Parliament in 1887, serving as a leader of the opposition from 1892 to 1912. When the Reform Party took

Kleiber, Erich

2005-02-19T03:57:00.000-08:00

Kleiber studied in Prague and between 1912 and 1922 conducted at several German opera houses. In 1923 he became general

Ghats

2005-02-18T04:43:00.000-08:00

Two mountain ranges forming the eastern and western edges, respectively, of the Deccan (q.v.) plateau of peninsular India. In Hindi ghat means �river landing stairs� or �mountain pass� and has been extended in its Anglicized plural form (formerly �ghauts�) to include the mountains themselves. The word refers as well to riverbanks that have been artificially terraced for bathing

Bohomolec, Franciszek

2005-02-17T02:14:00.000-08:00

After completing his studies in Rome for the Jesuit priesthood, Bohomolec taught in Warsaw and began to adapt the comedies of Carlo Goldoni and Moli�re for performance by his

Mammal, Importance to humans

2005-02-16T04:11:00.000-08:00

Wild and domesticated mammals are so interlocked with our political and social history that it is impractical to attempt to assess the relationship in precise economic terms. Throughout our own evolution, for example, humans have been dependent on other mammals for food and clothing. Domestication of mammals helped to provide a source of protein for ever-increasing

Biblical Literature, The chronology of Paul

2005-02-15T19:09:00.000-08:00

For the chronology of Paul's ministry, there are also some extra-biblical data: According to Josephus, Herod Agrippa I was made ruler of all Palestine by the emperor Claudius in AD 41 and reigned for three years. His death was thus in AD 44. A famine in Claudius' reign took place when Tiberius Alexander was procurator of Judaea (c. 46 - 48), and Egyptian papyri suggest (by reference to high wheat

Euripides

2005-02-14T02:16:00.000-08:00

The Greek fleet is becalmed at Aulis and is thus unable to convey the expeditionary force against Troy. Agamemnon learns that he must sacrifice his daughter Iphigenia as a means of appeasing the goddess Artemis, who has caused the unfavourable weather. Agamemnon lures his daughter into coming to Aulis to be sacrificed by pretending that she will marry Achilles.

Cosmos

2005-02-12T11:09:00.000-08:00

If one looks up on a clear night, one sees that the sky is full of stars. During the summer months in the Northern Hemisphere, a faint band of light stretches from horizon to horizon, a swath of pale white cutting across a background of deepest black. For the early

Gon�alves Dias, Ant�nio

2005-02-10T20:18:00.000-08:00

Though Gon�alves Dias lived much of the time abroad following his education at the University of Coimbra in

Earth, Shock-heating of the Earth during accretion

2005-02-09T05:12:00.000-08:00

During accretion the planet is thought to have been shock-heated by the impacts of meteoritic and planetesimal bodies. For meteorites this heating is concentrated near the surface (where the impacts occur), which is cooled by radiation back into space. The Russian planetary physicist V.S. Safronov has pointed out, however, that the larger planetesimals can penetrate

Saint Albans, Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke Of, Baron Heddington, Earl Of Burford

2005-02-08T03:37:00.000-08:00

Charles Beauclerk was created Baron Heddington and earl of Burford in 1676 and duke of St. Albans in 1684. The latter creation took place shortly after the death of Henry Jermyn, the earl of St. Albans. He served as a colonel in the regiment

Almohads

2005-02-07T04:53:00.000-08:00

A Berber state had arisen in Tinmel in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco about 1120, inspired by Ibn Tumart and his demands for puritanical moral reform and a strict concept of the unity of God (tawhid). In 1121 Ibn Tumart proclaimed himself the mahdi (a promised

San Justo

2005-02-06T21:45:00.000-08:00

Cabecera (principal built-up area) of La Matanza partido (political subdivision), Gran (Greater) Buenos Aires, Arg. It lies directly southwest of the city of Buenos Aires, in Buenos Aires province. In 1856 the poblador (person granted land as an incentive to settle an area) of San Justo, Jos� Gorsch, donated the land for the founding of the town on behalf of the Justo Villegas family.

Baseball, Infielders

2005-02-05T22:56:00.000-08:00

The infielders form the inner ring of defense. They sometimes catch line drives on the fly, but mainly they pick up ground balls that roll toward the outfield or shoot swiftly across the grass on one or more bounces. When a batted ball strikes the ground, the play becomes a race between the batter running to first and an infielder trying to gain control of the ball and

Human Disease, Diseases of genetic origin

2005-02-04T11:16:00.000-08:00

Certain human diseases result from mutations in the genetic complement (genome) contained in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of chromosomes. A gene is a discrete linear sequence of nucleotide bases (molecular units) of the DNA that codes for, or directs, the synthesis of a protein, and there may be as many as 100,000 genes in the human genome. Proteins, many of which are enzymes

Siwa Oasis

2005-02-03T04:30:00.000-08:00

Arabic �Wahat Siwah� oasis in Matruh muhafazah (governorate), western Egypt. It lies near the Libyan frontier, 350 miles (560 km) west-southwest of Cairo. The oasis is 6 miles (10 km) long by 4 - 5 miles (6 - 8 km) wide and has about 200 springs. Two rock outcrops provide the sites of the old walled settlements of Siwa and Aghurmi, which are veritable fortresses. The oasis is inhabited by Berber-speaking Sudanic peoples who live in mud-brick

Hexachloroplatinic Acid

2005-02-02T08:00:00.000-08:00

Also called �Chloroplatinic Acid, � complex compound formed by dissolving platinum metal in aqua regia (a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids) or in hydrochloric acid that contains chlorine. It is crystallized from the solution in the form of reddish brown deliquescent (moisture-absorbing) crystals with specific gravity 2.43 and melting point 60� C (140� F). It is the starting material from which most platinum

Mercury

2005-02-01T17:22:00.000-08:00

Mercury's orbit is inside the orbit of the Earth, and this creates two important astronomical effects. First, Mercury is never more than 27�45� of angle away from the Sun and is thus seen as a �morning� star just before sunrise or an �evening� star just after sunset. Second, Mercury exhibits

Heirloom

2005-01-31T06:14:00.000-08:00

An item of personal property that by immemorial usage is regarded as annexed by inheritance to a family estate. The owner of such an heirloom may dispose of it during his lifetime, but he cannot bequeath it by will away from the estate. If he dies intestate (without a will), the object goes to his heir at law; otherwise it goes to whoever takes the estate under his will. Such

Swabian Alp

2005-01-30T10:09:00.000-08:00

German �Sw�bische Alb, � continuation of the Jura Mountains in Baden-W�rttemberg Land (state), southwestern Germany. The upland plateau extends approximately 100 miles (160 km) from the Black Forest (Schwarzwald) to the W�rnitz River at an average elevation of about 2,300 feet (700 m). The plateau rises in a steep northwestern scarp some 1,300 feet (400 m) above the valleys of the Neckar, Rems, and Fils rivers to its highest

Nagaland, The people

2005-01-29T15:58:00.000-08:00

The Nagas, classified among the Indo-Asiatic peoples, form more than 20 tribes, as well as numerous subtribes, each having a specific geographic distribution. Though sharing many cultural traits, these tribes have maintained a high degree of isolation and lack cohesion as a single people. The Konyaks are the largest tribe, followed by the Aos, Tangkhuls, Semas, and Angamis.

Acapulco

2005-01-28T18:33:00.000-08:00

In full� Acapulco De Ju�rez, � resort and port, Guerrero estado (�state�), southwestern Mexico. Situated on a deep, semicircular bay, Acapulco has the best harbour on the Pacific coast of Mexico and one of the finest natural anchorages in the world. The town lies on a narrow strip of land between the bay and the steeply rising mountains that encircle it. From May to November the climate is hot, humid, and

Hinton, Milt

2005-01-27T18:11:00.000-08:00

Hinton grew up in Chicago, where he began playing bass in high school and then worked with jazz bands in the early to mid-1930s, most notably with violinist Eddie

Yakutsk

2005-01-26T19:38:00.000-08:00

City and capital of Sakha republic (Yakutia), in far northeastern Russia, on the Lena River. A fort was founded on the Lena's low right bank in 1632 and transferred 43 miles (70 km) upstream to the present site of Yakutsk in 1642. Long a small provincial centre of wooden houses where, beginning in the 19th century, dissidents were exiled, Yakutsk has grown in size and acquired light industries,

Kamakura-bori

2005-01-25T21:04:00.000-08:00

(Japanese: �Kamakura carving�), in Japanese lacquerwork, technique in which designs are carved in wood and then coated with red or black lacquer. Originally, it was an imitation of a Chinese carved lacquer (tiao-ch'i, called tsuishu in Japanese) in which many layers of lacquer are built up to a considerable thickness (often in several colours) and then cut back to achieve the

Indo-iranian Languages

2005-01-24T17:01:00.000-08:00

Group of languages constituting the easternmost major branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Indo-Aryan (Indic) languages are spoken by some 800 million persons in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, and other areas of the Himalayan region. In addition, languages of the Indo-Aryan group are spoken by about 5,000,000 people in Europe, Africa, the Americas, and Oceania:

Augsburg, Peace Of

2005-01-23T18:16:00.000-08:00

The emperor Charles V's provisional ruling on the religious question, the Augsburg Interim of 1548, had been overthrown in 1552 by the revolt of the Protestant elector Maurice of Saxony

God In Christ, Church Of

2005-01-22T18:12:00.000-08:00

Predominantly black Pentecostal church that originated as an outgrowth of the Holiness movement. The date and place of the group's establishment is disputed between two member bodies, but the founding role of a dynamic preacher named Charles H. Mason is acknowledged by both. During the late 19th century, Mason led Holiness churches in Jackson, Miss., and Memphis, Tenn.

Philipon, Charles

2005-01-21T14:11:00.000-08:00

Philipon settled in Paris in 1823, took to lithography, and began to draw caricatures for a living. He was an excellent draftsman with a fertile and irrepressible sense of satire. Moreover, he had vigorous political opinions, an

Ben-zvi, Itzhak

2005-01-20T18:46:00.000-08:00

A Zionist from his youth, Ben-Zvi in 1905 helped form the Russian Poale Zion, a socialistically oriented Zionist group that set an important

Nephrosclerosis

2005-01-19T13:09:00.000-08:00

Hardening of the walls of the small arteries and arterioles (small arteries that convey blood from arteries to the even smaller capillaries) of the kidney. This condition is caused by hypertension (high blood pressure). Hypertension can be present in a person for 20 to 30 years without evidence of kidney involvement; such persons usually die of other effects of hypertension

Melchite

2005-01-18T05:39:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Melkite, � any of the Christians of Syria and Egypt who accepted the ruling of the Council of Chalcedon (451) affirming the two natures - divine and human - of Christ. Because they shared the theological position of the Byzantine emperor, they were derisively termed Melchites - that is, Royalists or Emperor's Men (from Syriac malka: �king�) - by those who rejected the Chalcedonian definition

Jehovah

2005-01-17T19:45:00.000-08:00

Judeo-Christian name for God, derived from Yahweh (q.v.).

Pav�a Y Lacy, Manuel

2005-01-16T13:22:00.000-08:00

Pav�a was encouraged to enter the military by his father, an infantry colonel, and eventually was admitted to the elite Guards regiment. When Isabella became queen in 1833, he fought for her against her uncle Don Carlos in the

Guyton De Morveau, Louis Bernard

2005-01-15T22:00:00.000-08:00

Guyton studied law at Dijon, practiced there from 1756 to 1762, and was an advocate-general in the provincial parlement of Burgundy from 1762 to 1782. In the latter year he retired to devote himself full

Critius And Nesiotes

2005-01-14T00:16:00.000-08:00

Greek sculptors known for their bronze figures of the tyrannicides Harmodius and Aristogiton, copies of the original bronzes executed by Antenor about 510 BC, which were taken by Xerxes I to Susa and subsequently lost. The copies were placed in the agora in Athens; the figure of the tyrannicides has been identified on Roman coins, vases, reliefs, and

Raman, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata

2005-01-12T05:49:00.000-08:00

Indian physicist whose work was influential in the growth of science in India. He was the recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930 for the discovery that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the light that is deflected changes in wavelength. This phenomenon is now called Raman scattering and is

Brea

2005-01-11T03:26:00.000-08:00

City, Orange county, southwestern California, U.S., at the foot of the Puente Hills. Early settlers dug the oil-soaked earth in the �Brea� canyon for fuel, and commercial production began in the 1890s after successful strikes in the Brea and Olinda fields. The influx of people inspired the Ontario Investment Company to file a subdivision map in 1908 for a town to be called Randolph;

Abbot

2005-01-10T14:49:00.000-08:00

Late Latin and Greek� Abbas,� the superior of a monastic community that follows the Benedictine Rule (Benedictines, Cistercians, Camaldolese, Trappists) and of certain other orders (Premonstratensians, canons regular of the Lateran). The word derives from the Aramaic ab (�father�), or aba (�my father�), which in the Septuagint (the Greek translation of the Old Testament) and in New Testament Greek was written

Switzerland, Precipitation

2005-01-09T07:18:00.000-08:00

Since rainfall tends to increase in direct proportion to altitude, the precipitation map corresponds very closely to the relief map; and, because of the marked variation in reliefs, differences in precipitation within short linear distances are often very great. For example, St. Gall (Sankt Gallen), at 2,556 feet, has an average annual precipitation of 52 inches (1,318 mm), while that

World War I, The Turkish entry

2005-01-08T10:40:00.000-08:00

The entry of Turkey (or the Ottoman Empire, as it was then called) into the war as a German ally was the one great success of German wartime diplomacy. Since 1909 Turkey had been under the control of the Young Turks, over whom Germany had skillfully gained a dominating influence. German military instructors permeated the Turkish Army, and Enver Pasa, the leader of the Young Turks,

Uraninite

2005-01-07T23:39:00.000-08:00

The element uranium was discovered by

Fargue, L�on-paul

2005-01-06T20:36:00.000-08:00

Before he reached 20 years of age, Fargue had already published his important poem Tancr�de in the magazine Pan (1895; published in book form in 1911) and had become a member of the Symbolist circle connected with Le Mercure de France. His first collection of verse, Po�mes, was published

Hettangian Stage

2005-01-05T03:36:00.000-08:00

The name Hettangian

Cloud-scraper

2005-01-04T08:57:00.000-08:00

Any of certain birds of the genus Cisticola. See cisticola.

Kerala

2005-01-03T17:16:00.000-08:00

State of India. It has an area of 15,005 square miles (38,863 square kilometres), only about 1 percent of the total area of the country. The state stretches for 360 miles (580 kilometres) along the Malabar Coast on the southwestern side of the Indian peninsula; its width varies from 20 to 75 miles. It is bordered by the states of Karnataka (formerly Mysore) to the north and Tamil Nadu to the east and by the Arabian

Cueva, Juan De La

2005-01-02T04:23:00.000-08:00

Cueva differed from his contemporaries in having his plays published, thus transmitting to posterity intact examples of early, albeit mediocre, Spanish drama. Cueva's plays in the collection Primera parte

Cohn, Harry

2005-01-01T15:58:00.000-08:00

The son of an immigrant Polish-Jewish tailor, Cohn quit school at age 14 and worked at sundry jobs before becoming a vaudeville singer and song plugger. His motion picture career began in 1913, when he worked as a secretary for a film distributor

Biblical Literature, Early theories about the Synoptic problem

2004-12-31T14:11:00.000-08:00

Since the 1780s, Matthew, Mark, and Luke have been referred to as the Synoptic Gospels (from synoptikos, �seen together�). The extensive parallels in structure, content, and wording of Matthew, Mark, and Luke make it even possible to arrange them side by side so that corresponding sections can be seen in parallel columns. John Calvin, the 16th-century Reformer, wrote a commentary

Quenching

2004-12-30T04:28:00.000-08:00

Rapid cooling, as by immersion in oil or water, of a metal object from the high temperature at which it has been shaped. This usually is undertaken to maintain mechanical properties associated with a crystalline structure or phase distribution that would be lost upon slow cooling. The technique is commonly applied to steel objects, to which it imparts hardness. On

Tasmania, Industries

2004-12-29T01:28:00.000-08:00

Mineral production fluctuates with market conditions. Iron ore from opencut mines at Savage River is converted to slurry, piped to Port Latta near Stanley, pelletized, and shipped to the mainland and Japan. The tin mine at Renison Bell is not only the largest in Australia but also the largest underground hard-rock tin mine in the world. Copper production at Queenstown

Motagua River

2004-12-28T06:18:00.000-08:00

Spanish �R�o Motagua, � river in eastern Guatemala, rising in the central highlands near Chichicastenango, in southern Quich� department. The Motagua is Guatemala's longest river, measuring approximately 250 mi (400 km). Flowing generally eastward and northeastward through Chimaltenango, El Progreso, Zacapa, and Izabal departments, it empties into Omoa Bay off the Gulf of Honduras at the Honduran

Earth Sciences

2004-12-27T09:25:00.000-08:00

Carnivore, Form and function

2004-12-26T14:54:00.000-08:00

Cats have a reduced number of premolar and molar teeth; the typical dental formula includes only 30 teeth. The incisors are small and chisel-like and the canines long and pointed. The premolars are sharp, and occasionally an upper premolar may be lacking. The lower molar is elongate and sharp, the upper molar rudimentary. Because of the reduction in the number and size

Obelia

2004-12-25T07:36:00.000-08:00

Genus of invertebrate marine animals of the class Hydrozoa (phylum Cnidaria). The genus, widely distributed in all the oceans, is represented by many species. The animal begins life as a polyp - a stalklike form attached to the ocean bottom or some other solid surface. The polyp produces medusae, or jellyfish, which in turn, produce polyps. Rootlike filaments sent out by

Drottningholm Theatre

2004-12-24T01:00:00.000-08:00

Swedish, �Drottningholmsteater� 18th-century court theatre of the Royal Palace of Drottningholm, near Stockholm, Swed. It is preserved with its original sets and stage machinery as a theatrical museum. Built in the 1760s by the architect Carl Fredrik Adelcrantz, it was the home of several French and Swedish acting companies and prospered especially during the enlightened reign of the playwright-king

Muhammad V

2004-12-23T08:10:00.000-08:00

Muhammad was the third son of Sultan Moulay Yusuf; when his father died in 1927, French authorities chose him to be successor, expecting him to be more compliant than his two older brothers. The

Radio Range

2004-12-22T18:44:00.000-08:00

In aerial navigation, a system of radio transmitting stations, each of which transmits a signal that not only carries identification but also is of intrinsic value to a navigator in fixing his position. The older �A - N� type, dating from 1927, operates at low and medium frequencies and is still in use, mainly by private light aircraft. The only equipment needed in the aircraft

Saint Albans, Battles Of

2004-12-21T09:06:00.000-08:00

The battle of 1455 was the first in the wars. Richard, Duke of York and King Henry VI's cousin, had a better right to the throne, by primogeniture, than the king himself. The

Bukhari, Al-

2004-12-20T13:59:00.000-08:00

In full �Abu 'abd Allah Muhammad Ibn Isma'il Al-bukhari� one of the greatest Muslim compilers and scholars of Hadith (the recorded corpus of the sayings and acts of the Prophet Muhammad). His chief work is accepted by Sunnite Muslims - i.e., those following the majority tradition - as second only to the Qur'an as both a source of religious law and a sacred

Reformed Churches In The Netherlands

2004-12-19T15:28:00.000-08:00

The Christian Reformed Church was organized by seceders who left The Netherlands Reformed Church (q.v.) in 1834 because of disagreements over church organization

Hadar

2004-12-18T23:36:00.000-08:00

The Hadar remains include partial skeletons of Australopithecus afarensis, a key species in human evolution. Major archaeological work began at Hadar in the early

Aurelia

2004-12-17T03:43:00.000-08:00

Genus of marine jellyfish of the order Semaeostomeae (class Scyphozoa, phylum Cnidaria) found in coastal waters, particularly of North America and Europe. The adult may grow as large as 40 cm (16 inches) in diameter. Its medusoid body is bell-shaped, and from the dishlike underside hangs a short tube at the tip of which is the mouth. The edges of the tube form four frilly projections

Aryabhata

2004-12-16T19:39:00.000-08:00

First unmanned Earth satellite built by India. It was named for a prominent Indian astronomer and mathematician of the 5th century AD. The satellite was assembled at Peenya, near Bangalore, but was launched from within the Soviet Union by a Russian-made rocket on April 19, 1975. Aryabhata weighed 794 pounds (360 kilograms) and was instrumented to explore conditions in the Earth's ionosphere,

Lenormand, Louis-sebastien

2004-12-15T21:52:00.000-08:00

Information about Lenormand's life is scanty, but it is believed that he made his first jump from the top of a tree; in December 1783 he mounted

Aerospace Industry, Airframe and engine overhaul

2004-12-13T01:45:00.000-08:00

To ensure the safe operation of airliners, airframes and engines of civil and military aircraft have obligatory major overhauls after specified time intervals. For the airframes of commercial airliners, this is required after about five years (22,000 flight hours) of operation. In such a major overhaul, the first phase is an evaluation of the technical �health� of the aircraft

Arpino

2004-12-12T07:55:00.000-08:00

Arpino originated as a stronghold of the Volsci, who entered the area during the 5th century BC. During the 4th century BC it was held for a time by the Samnites, and it was finally conquered by the Romans in 305 BC, and the Roman general Gaius Marius was

Antiope

2004-12-11T07:22:00.000-08:00

In Greek legend, the mother, by the god Zeus, of the twins Amphion and Zethus. According to one account, her beauty attracted Zeus, who, assuming the form of a satyr, took her by force. Pregnant, she escaped the threats of her father by running away and marrying Epopeus, king of Sicyon; she was later brought back and imprisoned by her uncle Lycus. On the way back from Sicyon, or after

New Windsor

2004-12-10T03:36:00.000-08:00

Town (township), Orange county, southeastern New York, U.S., on the Hudson River, immediately south of Newburgh. The old village, New Windsor Center (named for Windsor, England), was laid out in 1749, and the town was established in 1763. The town also includes the hamlets of Vails Gate, Little Britain, and Rock Tavern. George Clinton, the first governor of New York, and his nephew DeWitt

Shih-chia-chuang

2004-12-08T03:10:00.000-08:00

In pre-Han times (i.e., before 206 BC) it was the site of the city of Shih-i in the state of Chao, and, from Han (206 BC - AD 220) to Sui (581 - 618) times, it was the site of a county